盐雾浓度测量及不确定度分析

董秋状; 陈煜; 韩东霏; 焦庆龙; 李颖行; 郑旭翔; 陈典斌

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.013

PDF(2964 KB)

装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5) : 112-121. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.013

船舶及海洋工程装备

盐雾浓度测量及不确定度分析

董秋状, 陈煜, 韩东霏, 焦庆龙, 李颖行, 郑旭翔, 陈典斌^*

作者信息 +

Measurement of Salt Spray Concentration and Uncertainty Analysis

DONG Qiuzhuang, CHEN Yu, HAN Dongfei, JIAO Qinglong, LI Yinghang, ZHENG Xuxiang, CHEN Dianbin^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的评估沿海装备腐蚀风险,提升实验室盐雾腐蚀模拟试验的准确性与可靠性,为装备在真实海洋环境中的服役寿命预测提供科学依据。方法依据GB/T 10593.2—2023,采用丙三醇-硝酸银分光光度法进行盐雾浓度检测,确定最佳吸收波长为460 nm,建立高精度的线性回归方程。全面评估温度偏差、分光光度计误差、溶液配制及沉降率测量等环节引入的不确定度,并进行分析。同时对比漏斗法、量筒法、湿烛法3种方法的沉降率测量结果。结果在23.1 ℃、48%湿度的环境下,测得盐雾质量浓度为0.112 mg/L。对不同沉降率采集方法进行比较发现,漏斗法的沉降率最高为13.0 mg/(80 cm²·h)、39 000 mg/(80 m²·d);试验箱自带量筒法为7.9 mg/(80 cm²·h)、23 700 mg/(80 m²·d);湿烛法为5.9 mg/(80 cm²·h)、17 700 mg/(80 m²·d)。温度偏差的扩展不确定度为0.44 ℃。盐雾浓度的合成标准不确定度为2.97×10^-3。量筒法沉降率的扩展不确定度为0.123。通过数据分析发现,盐雾浓度与沉降率之间存在显著相关性。结论形成了一套有效的盐雾环境检测与不确定度评定体系,该体系能够可靠地支持对装备耐盐雾腐蚀性能的考核,为模拟海洋腐蚀环境试验提供了坚实的技术基础,对保障海洋环境装备的服役安全具有重要意义。

Abstract

The work aims to assess the corrosion risk of coastal equipment, enhance the accuracy and reliability of laboratory salt spray corrosion simulation tests, and provide a scientific basis for predicting the service life of equipment in real marine environments. Based on GB/T 10593.2—2023, the glycerol-silver nitrate spectrophotometric method was used for salt spray concentration detection, with the optimal absorption wavelength determined to be 460 nm, and a high-precision linear regression equation was established. The uncertainty introduced by temperature deviation, spectrophotometer error, solution preparation, and sedimentation rate measurement was comprehensively evaluated and analyzed. The sedimentation rate measurement results of three methods, namely the funnel method, graduated cylinder method, and wet candle method, were compared. A standardized detection process and uncertainty analysis method were established. Under an environment of 23.1 ℃ and 48% humidity, the measured salt spray concentration was 0.112 mg/L. A comparison of different sedimentation rate collection methods revealed that the funnel method had the highest sedimentation rate of 13.0 mg/(80 cm²·h) and 39 000 mg/(80 m²·d), the built-in graduated cylinder method of the test chamber had a sedimentation rate of 7.9 mg/(80 cm²·h) and 23 700 mg/(80 m²·d) and the wet candle method had a sedimentation rate of 5.9 mg/(80 cm²·h) and 17 700 mg/(80 m²·d). The expanded uncertainty of temperature deviation was 0.44 ℃. The combined standard uncertainty of salt spray concentration was 2.97×10^-2. The expanded uncertainty of sedimentation rate using the graduated cylinder method was 0.123. Data analysis found a significant correlation between salt spray concentration and sedimentation rate. This work has formed an effective salt spray environment detection and uncertainty evaluation system. This system can reliably support the assessment of equipment resistance to salt spray corrosion, provide a solid technical foundation for simulating marine corrosion environment tests, and is of great significance for ensuring the service safety of marine environmental equipment.

导出引用

董秋状, 陈煜, 韩东霏, 焦庆龙, 李颖行, 郑旭翔, 陈典斌. 盐雾浓度测量及不确定度分析[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(5): 112-121 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.013

DONG Qiuzhuang, CHEN Yu, HAN Dongfei, JIAO Qinglong, LI Yinghang, ZHENG Xuxiang, CHEN Dianbin. Measurement of Salt Spray Concentration and Uncertainty Analysis[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(5): 112-121 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.013

中图分类号： TN06

参考文献

[1] 杨丽, 孟文迪. 习近平总书记关于提升海洋治理话语权重要论述的形成逻辑与实践路径[J]. 中共青岛市委党校青岛行政学院学报, 2024(2): 11-15.
YANG L, MENG W D.Research on the Formation Logic and Practical Path of President Xi Jinping’s Important Discourse on Enhancing the Discourse and Narrative Systems of Marine Governance[J]. Journal of the Party School of C P C Qingdao Municipal Committee and Qingdao Administrative Institute, 2024(2): 11-15.
[2] 刘凯娟. 中国“海洋强国”战略下海洋安全事务话语权的构建[J]. 东方学刊, 2024(2): 44-54.
LIU K J.Construction of Discourse Power on Maritime Security Affairs under China’s “Maritime Power” Strategy[J]. Dongfang Journal, 2024(2): 44-54.
[3] 罗亮, 吴士存. 中国构建南海国际话语权:实践探索与未来进路[J]. 东北亚论坛, 2024, 33(1): 50-63.
LUO L, WU S C.China Constructs International Discourse Power on the South China Sea: Practical Exploration and Future Path[J]. Northeast Asia Forum, 2024, 33(1): 50-63.
[4] 刘佳鑫, 江井跃, 孙家超, 等. 航空发动机抗盐雾腐蚀试验方法[J]. 海军航空大学学报, 2025, 40(1): 228-234.
LIU J X, JIANG J Y, SUN J C, et al.Investigation of Salt Spray Corrosion Testing Method for Aeroengines[J]. Journal of Naval Aviation University, 2025, 40(1): 228-234.
[5] 刘俊珺, 张志训, 武占海. 大气环境对风电机组腐蚀的影响[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2018, 39(6): 480-483.
LIU J J, ZHANG Z X, WU Z H.Effects of Atmospheric Environment on Corrosion of Wind Turbines[J]. Corrosion and Protection, 2018, 39(6): 480-483.
[6] 张菲菲. 深圳滨海建筑物表层氯离子沉积规律研究[D]. 深圳: 深圳大学, 2016.
ZHANG F F.Study on the Law of Chloride Ion Deposition on the Surface of Coastal Buildings in Shenzhen[D]. Shenzhen: Shenzhen University, 2016.
[7] 骆晨, 孙志华, 杨丽媛, 等. 海洋环境服役发动机腐蚀损伤分析及防护能力提升建议[J]. 装备环境工程, 2024, 21(5): 50-56.
LUO C, SUN Z H, YANG L Y, et al.Analysis on Corrosion Damage of Aero Engine Servicing in Marine Environment and Suggestions for Protection Improvement[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2024, 21(5): 50-56.
[8] 汪洋, 曾云帆, 刘永良, 等. 硫化氢环境下老旧管道失效概率评价方法研究[J]. 钻采工艺, 2024, 47(1): 115-120.
WANG Y, ZENG Y F, LIU Y L, et al.Researchon Failure Probability Evaluation Method of Old Pipeline in Hydrogen Sulfide Environment[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2024, 47(1): 115-120.
[9] 覃粒, 吴德权, 胡涛, 等. 海南湿热海洋大气环境Q235钢腐蚀行为研究及严酷度评估[J]. 装备环境工程, 2023, 20(7): 90-97.
QIN L, WU D Q, HU T, et al.Corrosion Behaviors of Q235 Steel and Severity Evaluation for Humid and Hot Marine Atmosphere Environmental in Hainan[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2023, 20(7): 90-97.
[10] 毛宏智, 向正林, 刘亚南, 等. 近海和海上工程室内盐雾控制探讨[J]. 建筑科学, 2020, 36(10): 140-146.
MAO H Z, XIANG Z L, LIU Y N, et al.Discussion on the Control of Sea-Salt Aerosols on Indoor Environment of Inshore and Offshore Projects[J]. Building Science, 2020, 36(10): 140-146.
[11] 梁攀, 谢静超, 崔亚平, 等. 黄海沿海地区盐雾浓度的测试及分析[C]//中国环境科学学会2019年科学技术年会——环境工程技术创新与应用分论坛, 2019: 238-242.
LIANG P, XIE J C, CUI Y P, et al.Testing and Analysis of Salt Spray Concentration in the Coastal Areas of the Yellow Sea[C]// 2019 Annual Conference on Science and Technology Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences--- Sub-forum on Environmental Engineering Technology Innovation and Application, 2019: 238-242.
[12] 范为群. 分析化学[M]. 银川: 宁夏人民教育出版社, 2018.
FAN W Q.Analytical Chemistry[M]. Yinchuan: Ningxia People’s Education Press, 2018.
[13] 彭嘉伟, 邓德华, 刘赞群. 电导率法测定氯氧镁水泥中醇可抽提氯离子含量[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2022, 25(8): 877-884.
PENG J W, DENG D H, LIU Z Q.Determination of Alcohol Leachable Chloride Ion Content of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement by Conductivity Method[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2022, 25(8): 877-884.
[14] 宋明阳, 李敏. 几种测定水中氯离子含量的分光光度法的对比与分析[J].环境工程, 2017(S2): 533-536.
SONG M Y, LI M.Comparison and Analysis of Several Spectrophotometric Methods for Determining Chloride Ion Content in Water[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017(S2): 533-536.
[15] 李野. 分光光度法测定工业硫化钠中的氯离子[J]. 有色矿冶, 2022, 38(5): 57-59.
LI Y.Spectrophotometric Determination of Chloride Ion in Industrial Sodium Sulfide[J]. Non-Ferrous Mining and Metallurgy, 2022, 38(5): 57-59.
[16] 黎佳伟, 谢堂锋, 张莹娇, 等. 用氯化银比浊—紫外-可见分光光度法测定粗碳酸锂中的氯离子[J]. 湿法冶金, 2022, 41(2): 176-180.
LI J W, XIE T F, ZHANG Y J, et al.Determination of Cl- in Crude Lithium Carbonate by Silver Chloride Turbidimetry—Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry[J]. Hydrometallurgy of China, 2022, 41(2): 176-180.
[17] 候杨雯. 原子吸收光谱法在水质检验中的应用研究[J]. 机械工程与自动化, 2025, 54(S1): 17-19.
HOU Y W.Application Analysis of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Water Quality Testing[J]. Mechanical Engineering & Automation, 2025, 54(S1): 17-19.
[18] 窦辉, 史延霞. 分光光度法测定矿样中氯离子[J]. 江西化工, 2018, 34(6): 63-66.
DOU H, SHI Y X.Determination of Chloride Ion in Mineral Samples by Spectrophotometry[J]. Jiangxi Chemical Industry, 2018, 34(6): 63-66.
[19] 全国电工电子产品环境条件与环境试验标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 8). 电工电子产品环境参数测量方法第2部分: 盐雾: GB/T 10593.2—2023[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2023.
Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 8). Method of the measuring environmental parameters for electric and electronic products—Part 2: Salt mist: GB/T 10593.2-2023[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2023.
[20] 机械工业实验室仪器及设备标准化技术委员会. 高温试验箱技术条件: GB/T 11158—2008[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
Standardization Technical Committee of Laboratory Instruments and Equipment of Machinery Industry. Specifications for high temperature test chambers: GB/T 11158—2008[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
[21] 全国电工电子产品环境条件与环境试验标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC 8). 环境试验设备检验方法第8部分: 盐雾试验设备: GB/T 5170.8-2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 8). Inspection Methods for Environmental Testing Equipments—Part 8: Salt Mist Testing Equipments: GB/T 5170.8-2017[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017.
[22] 张馨睿, 吴飒, 陈仁军, 等. 基于不确定度分析的计算结果有效数字确定方法[J]. 环境技术, 2020, 38(5): 161-165.
ZHANG X R, WU S, CHEN R J, et al.Method for Determining Effective Number of Calculation Result Based on Uncertainty Analysis[J]. Environmental Technology, 2020, 38(5): 161-165.
[23] 侯瑞艳, 郭立美, 李浩波. 硝酸汞标准滴定溶液浓度平均值不确定度评定[J]. 纯碱工业, 2020(5): 10-15.
HOU R Y, GUO L M, LI H B.Evaluation of Average Concentration Uncertainty of Mercuric Nitrate Standard Titration Solution[J]. Soda Industry, 2020(5): 10-15.
[24] 严杰. 紫外可见分光光度计透射比示值误差测量不确定度评定[J]. 纺织标准与质量, 2023(4): 58-60.
YAN J.Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty for Transmittance Error of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer[J]. Fangzhi Biaozhun Yu Zhiliang, 2023(4): 58-60.
[25] 曹磊, 齐欢欢. 紫外可见分光光度计波长及透射比示值误差不确定度评定[J]. 品牌与标准化, 2025(6): 286-288.
CAO L, QI H H.Evaluation of Uncertainty in the Indicated Error of Wavelength and Transmittance for Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers[J]. Enterprise Standardization, 2025(6): 286-288.
[26] 贺波, 邓海玲. 气相色谱-质谱联用法测定家具中总挥发性有机化合物释放量的不确定度评定[J]. 品牌与标准化, 2025(6): 289-291.
HE B, DENG H L.Uncertainty Evaluation of TVOC Release in Furniture by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry[J]. Enterprise Standardization, 2025(6): 289-291.
[27] 刘近浩. 电梯轿厢意外移动保护装置响应时间测量不确定度评定[J]. 模具制造, 2025, 25(11): 258-260.
LIU J H.Evaluation of Uncertainty in Response Time Measurement of Elevator Car Accidental Movement Protection Device[J]. Die & Mould Manufacture, 2025, 25(11): 258-260.
[28] 詹培德, 李日君. 防火门防烟性能试验装置泄漏率的测定不确定度评估[J]. 实验室检测, 2025, 3(21): 226-228.
ZHAN P D, LI R J.Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement of Leakage Rate of Smoke Prevention Performance Test Device of Fire Door[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2025, 3(21): 226-228.
[29] 李辉, 白彪平, 刘旺旺. 土壤有机质与全氮检测方法的演进、比较及其不确定度评定研究[J]. 实验室检测, 2025, 3(21): 223-225.
LI H, BAI B P, LIU W W.Evolution, Comparison and Uncertainty Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter and Total Nitrogen Detection Methods[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2025, 3(21): 223-225.
[30] 孙璐璐, 朱帅, 孙琦琦, 等. 高效液相色谱法测定特殊医学配方食品中β-胡萝卜素的不确定度评定[J]. 实验室检测, 2025, 3(21): 220-222.
SUN L L, ZHU S, SUN Q Q, et al.Uncertainty Evaluation of Determination of β -Carotene in Special Medical Formula Food by High Performance Liquid Chromatography[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2025, 3(21): 220-222.
[31] 国家计量检定规程. 标准玻璃量器检定规程: JJG 20—2001[S]. 北京: 中国计量出版社, 2004.
National Metrological Verification Regulation. Verification Regulation of Standard Capacity Measures (Glass): JJG 20—2001[S]. Beijing: China Metrology Publishing House, 2004.
[32] 国家计量检定规程. 常用玻璃量器检定规程: JJG 196—2006[S]. 北京: 中国计量出版社. 2006.
National Metrological Verification Regulation. Verification Regulation of the Capacity of Glassware: JJG 196—2006[S]. Beijing: China Metrology Publishing House, 2006.
[33] 金路, 王洁卿, 曾宪钰. 盐雾试验箱温度偏差及盐雾沉降率的不确定度分析[J]. 计量与测试技术, 2017, 44(7): 32-33.
JIN L, WANG J Q, ZENG X Y.Uncertainty Analysis of Temperature Deviation and Salt Fog Sedimentation Rate in Salt Fog Test Chamber[J]. Metrology & Measurement Technique, 2017, 44(7): 32-33.
[34] 程君, 卢嘉砾, 余松柏. 水泥窑协同处置熟料中可浸出重金属的ICP-OES测定及不确定度溯源分析[J]. 中国水泥, 2025(S1): 30-36.
CHENG J, LU J L, YU S B.ICP-OES Determination of Leachable Heavy Metals in Co-Processing Clinker in Cement Kiln and Tracing Analysis of Uncertainty[J]. China Cement, 2025(S1): 30-36.
[35] 彭雪飞, 刘艳敏, 常铁诺, 等. 核磁共振法测岩石孔隙度不确定度评定[J]. 广州化工, 2025, 53(21): 136-139.
PENG X F, LIU Y M, CHANG T N, et al.Uncertainty Analysis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method Porosity Measurement of Rock[J]. Guangzhou Chemical Industry, 2025, 53(21): 136-139.
[36] 闫凯, 宋庆军, 张玉华, 等. 电子产品盐雾试验中的盐雾沉降率不确定度分析[J]. 电子质量, 2015(10): 28-30.
YAN K, SONG Q J, ZHANG Y H, et al.Electronic Products in the Salt Fog Test, Salt Fog Sedimentation Rate Uncertainty Analysis[J]. Electronics Quality, 2015(10): 28-30.